Topographic amplification factor: Difference between revisions
From Glossary of Meteorology
imported>Perlwikibot No edit summary |
imported>Perlwikibot No edit summary |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="definition"><div class="short_definition">A ratio, calculated solely from topographic (terrain elevation) data, of the [[diurnal]] temperature [[amplitude]] or [[range]] in a valley to that at the same [[altitude]] over the adjacent plain.</div><br/> <div class="paragraph">The diurnal amplitude is larger (or "amplified") over the valley than over the plain because the volume of air is less in the valley, but the amount of heating or cooling is approximately the same in both locations. The significance of the [[temperature]] differential caused by this amplification is that it produces a horizontal [[pressure gradient]] between the valley and the surrounding plains, or along the axis of the valley itself, that reverses twice per day, driving the diurnally varying [[along- valley wind system]], upvalley during the day and downvalley at night. <br/>''See'' [[upvalley wind]], [[downvalley wind]].</div><br/> </div><div class="reference">McKee, T. B., and R. D. O'Neal 1989. The role of valley geometry and energy budget in the formation of nocturnal valley winds. J. Appl. Meteor.. 28. 445–456. </div><br/> <div class="reference">Steinacker, R. 1984. Area-height distribution of a valley and its relation to the valley wind. Contrib. Atmos. Phys.. 57. 64–71. </div><br/> <div class="reference">Whiteman, C. D. 1990. Observations of thermally developed wind systems in mountainous terrain. Meteor. Monogr.. No. 45, 9–13. </div><br/> | <div class="definition"><div class="short_definition">A ratio, calculated solely from topographic (terrain elevation) data, of the [[diurnal]] temperature [[amplitude]] or [[range]] in a valley to that at the same [[altitude]] over the adjacent plain.</div><br/> <div class="paragraph">The diurnal amplitude is larger (or "amplified") over the valley than over the plain because the volume of air is less in the valley, but the amount of heating or cooling is approximately the same in both locations. The significance of the [[temperature]] differential caused by this amplification is that it produces a horizontal [[pressure gradient]] between the valley and the surrounding plains, or along the axis of the valley itself, that reverses twice per day, driving the diurnally varying [[along-valley wind systems|along- valley wind system]], upvalley during the day and downvalley at night. <br/>''See'' [[upvalley wind]], [[downvalley wind|downvalley wind]].</div><br/> </div><div class="reference">McKee, T. B., and R. D. O'Neal 1989. The role of valley geometry and energy budget in the formation of nocturnal valley winds. J. Appl. Meteor.. 28. 445–456. </div><br/> <div class="reference">Steinacker, R. 1984. Area-height distribution of a valley and its relation to the valley wind. Contrib. Atmos. Phys.. 57. 64–71. </div><br/> <div class="reference">Whiteman, C. D. 1990. Observations of thermally developed wind systems in mountainous terrain. Meteor. Monogr.. No. 45, 9–13. </div><br/> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
Latest revision as of 17:07, 25 April 2012
topographic amplification factor
A ratio, calculated solely from topographic (terrain elevation) data, of the diurnal temperature amplitude or range in a valley to that at the same altitude over the adjacent plain.
The diurnal amplitude is larger (or "amplified") over the valley than over the plain because the volume of air is less in the valley, but the amount of heating or cooling is approximately the same in both locations. The significance of the temperature differential caused by this amplification is that it produces a horizontal pressure gradient between the valley and the surrounding plains, or along the axis of the valley itself, that reverses twice per day, driving the diurnally varying along- valley wind system, upvalley during the day and downvalley at night.
See upvalley wind, downvalley wind.
See upvalley wind, downvalley wind.
McKee, T. B., and R. D. O'Neal 1989. The role of valley geometry and energy budget in the formation of nocturnal valley winds. J. Appl. Meteor.. 28. 445–456.
Steinacker, R. 1984. Area-height distribution of a valley and its relation to the valley wind. Contrib. Atmos. Phys.. 57. 64–71.
Whiteman, C. D. 1990. Observations of thermally developed wind systems in mountainous terrain. Meteor. Monogr.. No. 45, 9–13.
